It is estimated that there were 64,750 people living with HIV in Cambodia in 2007, out of which 3,350 were children under the age of 15. The total number of people living with HIV who receive ART has more than doubled from 12,247 in December 2005 to 25,353 in September 2007.

The adult national HIV prevalence rate decreased to 0.9% in 2006 from 1.2% in 2003 following the successful implementation of the 100% Condom Use Programme and extensive information campaigns on condom use and HIV transmission risks targeting sex workers and their clients. In 2006, among the total number of people living with HIV, 52% were estimated to be women compared to 37% in 1998. In 2005, UNAIDS reported that married women accounted for almost half of new infections.

The sex trade has driven the HIV epidemic in Cambodia and female sex workers remain one of the most at-risk groups of HIV infection, despite a significant decrease of the HIV prevalence rate among this group from 21.4% in 2003 to 12.7% in 2006.