The implementation of national strategic HIV interventions in Thailand since the late 1990s, including the 100% Condom Programme and the increased provision of care and treatment services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), has led to a decline in HIV infection rates in Thailand.

Estimates of the number of new infections for 2007 reached 13,936 and is projected to decline to 10,097 by 2011, which would result in the decline of the total cumulative number of PLWHA from 546,578 in 2007 to 481,770 by 2011.

In 2007, 52.9% of reported adults and children with advanced HIV infection received ART compared to 41% in 2006.

Despite encouraging efforts that reduced new HIV infections, the country still faces a generalized epidemic with a 1.4% HIV prevalence rate.

In 2005, an estimated 37% of women newly infected with HIV contracted HIV through sexual contact with their male partner, 80% of whom acquired HIV through paid sex.

In addition, a 2007 survey of the Bureau of Epidemiology showed a high HIV prevalence rate among men who have sex with men (MSM), reaching 24.6%.

In Bangkok, a recent survey has shown an increase in HIV infections among MSM from 18.9% in 2005 to 27% in 2007. Injecting drug use and the sharing of injecting equipment also remains a source of concern with an estimated 27.8% of injecting drug users (IDUs) being HIV positive in 2006.